In the vast expanse of the cosmos lie enigmatic celestial bodies—black holes, neutron stars, galaxies—each a puzzle waiting to be decoded. Recently, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) launched a groundbreaking mission, deploying an X-ray polarimeter satellite, a vital stride in unveiling the mysteries of the universe.
In a riveting conversation on Akashvani’s Spotlight program, Dr. Annapurni Subramaniam, Director at the Indian Institute of Astrophysics, shared insights into this pioneering mission alongside Arjun J Chaudhary, the program’s anchor.
Unveiling the Field of Astrophysics :
Astrophysics, as Dr. Subramaniam illuminated, encompasses the study of celestial entities spanning from neighboring planets to distant galaxies and the origins of the cosmos. While ground-based telescopes offer glimpses into this cosmic theater, certain radiations, like X-rays, are shielded by Earth’s atmosphere, necessitating instruments placed above this barrier for observation.
ISRO’s pivotal role in launching instruments beyond Earth’s confines is integral. The launch of the X-ray polarimeter satellite signifies not just a scientific feat but also the culmination of years of capacity-building in rocketry, enabling precise positioning and operational functionality of scientific payloads.
Unraveling the Essence of X-Ray Emissions :
The satellite’s trajectory to a circular orbit at 650 kilometers marked a flawless launch, with solar panels deployed promptly for power generation, initiating its operational phase. Unlike previous X-ray instruments like those on the AstroSat mission, this satellite’s uniqueness lies in its ability to detect polarized X-rays, offering a profound exploration into the emissions from black holes and neutron stars.
Understanding X-ray polarization unveils the origins of these emissions and sheds light on the magnetic field’s role, a fundamental catalyst in generating X-rays within these cosmic phenomena.
Targeting Cosmic Phenomena :
Dr. Subramaniam emphasized the satellite’s focus on various dynamic entities, including active black holes residing at the centers of massive galaxies. The mission delineates target lists to characterize these entities amidst their fluctuating phases, elucidating the physics underlying their fluctuations and emissions.
A Precise Scientific Tool :
This mission isn’t a jack-of-all-trades observatory but a targeted instrument with a specific scientific objective. Unlike multi-wavelength observatories, it homes in on X-ray polarization exclusively, providing a deeper understanding of black hole and neutron star physics.
The Payload and Lifespan in Space :
Weighing under 500 kg, the satellite’s payload comprises not just the scientific instrument but also essential components for functionality—onboard computers, communication mechanisms, and thrusters ensuring its orbital stability.
Regarding its lifespan, drawing insights from AstroSat’s eight years of operation (beyond its nominal 5-year lifespan), efficient use of fuel, well-functioning components, and precise orbit maintenance can elongate the mission’s duration.
Acknowledging the Ingenious Minds :
Dr. Subramaniam expressed pride in the collaborative effort behind this achievement, highlighting the contributions of Raman Research Institute and the broader network involved in crafting and successfully deploying the satellite.
Towards Self-Reliance in Space Endeavors :
The ‘Make in India’ initiative reverberates in this mission, showcasing locally procured components, fostering human resources, and nurturing the nation’s burgeoning space ecosystem.
In conclusion, the launch of ISRO’s X-ray polarimeter satellite isn’t merely a technological leap but a testament to humanity’s ceaseless pursuit of cosmic comprehension. Its targeted mission heralds a new era of precision-driven exploration, igniting curiosity and setting the stage for deeper space revelations.
